Top 5 Cognitive Biases Used by Social Engineers

Phishing Attacks that Utilize Social Engineering are on the Rise.

Phishing attacks are a common form of cybercrime that rely on psychological manipulation to trick victims into giving away sensitive information or funds. These attacks often use cognitive biases, which are mental shortcuts that people use to make decisions quickly and easily. Here are the top five cognitive biases used in phishing attacks, along with examples of what the phish might look like for each bias.

The Authority Bias

This bias makes people more likely to trust and follow the advice of people who seem to be in positions of authority. In a phishing attack, the attacker might pose as a high-ranking official or a well-known company, using official-looking logos and language to make their message seem legitimate. For example, a phish might claim to be from a bank and ask the victim to verify their account information to avoid having their account suspended.

The Scarcity Bias

This bias makes people more likely to take action when they believe that something is scarce or in limited supply. In a phishing attack, the attacker might use language and tactics that create a sense of urgency, such as threatening to shut down the victim's account if they don't act quickly. For example, a phish might claim that there is a limited-time offer for a free gift or discount, and the victim must provide their personal information to claim it before it's too late.

The Social Proof Bias

This bias makes people more likely to do something if they believe that others are doing it as well. In a phishing attack, the attacker might use social media or other online platforms to create the appearance of widespread support or interest in their scam. For example, a phish might use fake testimonials or social media posts to make it seem like many other people have already taken advantage of their offer and have been successful.

The Reciprocity Bias

This bias makes people feel obligated to return a favor or give something in return when someone has done something for them. In a phishing attack, the attacker might offer something of value, such as a free trial or a discount, in order to get the victim to provide their personal information or take some other action. For example, a phish might claim to be giving away free tickets to a popular event, but the victim must first provide their credit card information to reserve their spot.

The Framing Bias

This bias makes people more likely to make a decision based on how the information is presented, rather than the content of the information itself. In a phishing attack, the attacker might use persuasive language and emotional appeals to make their message seem more appealing and less risky. For example, a phish might claim to be from a charity and ask for donations to help a worthy cause, using images and stories that tug at the victim's heartstrings.

Be Sure. Be Secure.

Overall, phishing attacks are a dangerous and pervasive threat that can cause significant financial and emotional harm to victims. By understanding the common cognitive biases used in these attacks, you can protect yourself, your loved ones, and your organization from falling victim to these scams.

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